Assignment+1+summaries

=On this page you can post a link to an article and then write a summary of that article below your link. First, you need to make a reference to the article; state the author/s, title of the text and reference (journal name + date and possible link). When your link is in place, write your summary below the article.=

Please make sure that you do not highlight all the text on the page when you add new material. If you do, you will take away all the present content on the page! Should you accidentally erase something that you have not added yourself, please hit the undo button in the tool bar or go out of the edit mode and click on the 'history tab' to retreive the version before you erased all the content on the screen.

Steps for writing a summary:

 * 1) Notice the title and subtitle; do these state the articles main idea?
 * 2) Read the original quickly for meaning; then carefully read it again, underlining important ideas and making a few notes.
 * 3) Determine the author’s thesis or main idea.
 * 4) Find the main supporting points.
 * 5) Write your topic sentence or thesis statement, stating the author’s thesis, title, source, and date of original.
 * 6) In your own words, given the author’s most important supporting points, in the same order in which the author gives them. Keep the same proportion of coverage as the original.
 * 7) Write out your full summary.
 * 8) Revise, asking yourself, ”Will my summary convey to someone who has never read the original the author’s main idea and key supporting points?”
 * 9) Compare your final draft with the original to avoid plagiarism.

To insert a link:
 * click on the 'EDIT' tab in the top right corner
 * click on the 'link' icon in the menu bar
 * click on the 'external link' tab and provide the text you want to appear as your link (e.g. article on Wikipedia) and the URL to the article you link to (e.g. []).
 * If you want the article to appear in a new window (rather than as a tab), check the box 'new window'.
 * press the 'add link' button.

Observe that it may be a good idea to write the summary in a word-processor document first and then write it on the wiki, as web-editing always entails the slight chance of information going missing in the making.

Example summary with link:
Turner, P. (2008) Towards an account of intuitiveness, Behaviour & Information Technology 27(6), 475-482.

In the article //"//Towards an account of intuitiveness", Turner (2008) discusses the concept of intuitiveness in HC1. The article addresses the situation that design guidelines and vendors claim that that a system needs to be intuitive to be usable, whereas the exact meaning of intuitive remains elusive. According to Turner, the term intuitive is used in many different ways within HCI, but there are two common groups: intuitiveness as familiarity and intuitiveness as embodiment. The origin of the discussion comes from a number of reviews of the new generation of games consoles. The author concludes that intuitive systems work because they make use of pre-existing action-perception routines and socially acquired ‘know-how’, since a number of disciplines now regard action and perception as a unit rather that two separate entities.

LindaB/LeneN [|Greenemeier, L. (2010) “How Has WikiLeaks Managed to Keep Its Web Site Up and Running”, Scientific American.]

 In the article “ ** How Has //WikiLeaks// Managed to Keep Its Web Site Up and Running” ** Larry Greenemeier presents the reasons, why //Wikileaks// still exists and has not yet been taken offline. According to the author, //Wikileaks// has been under several cyber attacks and has received threats from government officials worldwide, but nevertheless the news leaks continue. This is possible by keeping copies of the Web site hosted at 507 different locations worldwide. In the article Greenemeier also presents an edited transcript of the interview with Hemanshu Nigam, a former U.S. Department of Justice prosecutor, who gives a better understanding of the possible reasons why the Web site is functioning. According to Nigam it is almost impossible to shut down a site, because it keeps a cache of data and the site is available on multiple servers and different domain names. Finally, the article is concluded by alerting people and stating how information lives on the Internet and what lesson should be learned. Once any information is released on the internet or is in digital form, it might be accessible by unwanted people. This means that the governments need very high security measures when it comes to protecting their top-secret information.

Diana

This is a summary based on an extract of geological report “Geotechnical engineering versus Earthquakes” (2010) written by me with my group in the course Infrastructural Geo Engineering. The presented text consists of 2 main parts: effects of earthquakes and geotechnical design for mitigating the damages from earthquakes. There are also two representative examples included. Ground shaking is the most significant effect of earthquakes. As a result of fault rapture it could be damaging for buildings and even lead to other phenomena. Soil liquefaction is one of them and should not be underestimated because of its negative influence over the soil properties which may result in failure for many structures and buildings. Other dangerous phenomena are landslides, subsidence, fault rapture and tsunamis. In order to mitigate them geotechnical design might be performed which means basically that engineers aim to prevent damages on buildings due to such post effects of earthquakes. The most fundamental technique for that purpose is densification achieved by vibrating the ground. Other method is called gravel drainage which aims to make the ground water escape from the soil. Grouting, piling and base isolation are also available techniques having mitigation effect during an earthquake. A typical example for occurring of soil liquefaction is an earthquake in Adapazari, Turkey, 1999. Sinking and overturning of building with shallow foundations happened. A successful solution for mitigating the damage from earthquakes is realized in Alaska. A pipeline was built on the beams of steel which allows free horizontal movements. By means of that the pipeline was able to stand an earthquake with magnitude 7.9 happened in 2002. Yordan Venev

 In the article “Component-based vs. Model-based Development: A comparison in the Context of Vehicular Embedded Systems” by Törngren et al the authors shed light on the differences and similarities of two key principles for reuse of software: component based development (CBD) and model based development (MBD). CBD is built bottom up with the purpose to reuse components in different systems with the result of a significantly shorter time to market. The primary driver for CBD is that components should be reused and only their associated specification is necessary in order to use them. The main challenges are how to specify components in order to ensure trustworthiness on both runtime performance and life cycle issues and how much extra effort that is needed or can be accepted in the design phase in order to achieve this. Model Based Development on the other hand exists in many variants depending on domain and discipline, examples given are for control engineering and model driven software development which use slightly different approaches but both are MBD. The MBD starts in early phases of the system lifecycle where models are used for communicating information and analysing the system. The difference according to the authors between CBD and MBD in emphasis is clear; while MBD relies on code generation CBD focus on reusing already existing code. Both approaches adopt the principles of Systems Engineering and they both address the control of complexity by principles like information hiding, separation of concern and standardisation, but where CBD targets to reuse a complete solution reuse in MBD is not restricted.

– Johan Haraldsson

[|"Putting it together : the science and technology of composite materials"-Nova Science in the news-November 2000] In the article “Putting it together: the science and technology of composite materials” published in the magazine Nova in 2000, the author discusses the development of new materials: composites high performance. He explains how, by combining two or more different materials, we can obtain composites which have good mechanical properties and are very light. A composite material is a mix between and a matrix used to bind together reinforcement (very strong material). Composites is not a new concept, they have always been existing in the nature: wood is a composite material. Human beings have been using composites for several thousand years with mud bricks or concrete later. Nowadays, most common composite materials are made with fibreglass or carbon fibres. There are several applications for composites: in aerospace in which the lightness combined to strength are very important, but also in shipbuilding and boatbuilding (resistance to corrosion), in sports... The author concludes that even if the cost of composites is high, this type of materials will be more and more used in the future.

Alexis Masson

Differences Between AL2O3 and Ag/Al2O3 for Lean Reduction of NOx with Dimethyl EtherStefanie Tamm. Hanna H. Ingelsten. Magnus Skoglundh. Anders E. C. Palmqvist 2009,vol 52 These years global warming due to the greenhouse effect has obtained more attention. The formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion of fossil fuels in an engine of vehicle is a huge problem because of the toxic effect and contribution to acid rain. Dimethyl ether (DME) which produced from gasification of biomass is an alternative fuel with low CO2 emitting, but it is still needs some technologies to reduce the NOx emissions and convert them to harmless gases (for example N2). Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the most common techniques to convert NOx to N2 and water by using a catalyst. In this article the effect of two catalysts Al2O3 and Ag/Al2O3 is compared. The Al2O3 catalyst is more efficient than Ag/Al2O3 to reduction of NOx. Al2O3 is active between 300°C and 550°C with maximum NOx reduction of 47% which occur at 380°C. Whereas the activation interval for Ag/Al2O3 is lower (between 250°C and 400°C) with maximum NOx conversion of 23% at 305°C. Thus higher selectivity to N2 is obtained over Al2O3 catalyst. Negar Valim

[|Breakup of fluid particles]Breakup of fluid particles – bubbles and droplets- in turbulent flows has been the subject of several research studies within last few decades. Although many attempts have done to propose a unifying model to predict the breakup phenomenon, still results are contradictory. This article focuses on a new experimental approach to improve the understanding of the breakup process using a high speed CCD camera. A three scale phenomenon is suggested to describe the particle deformation results from motion / turbulent structures interaction named as micro, meso and macro scale deformation. Detail analysis of breakup time, deformation scales, deformation velocities, number of daughter fragments and their size proved the idea that there are several main differences between bubble and drop breakup. Result shows that the increase in interfacial energy before breakup exceeds the increase after breakup. It seems that there will be an activated complex state before the particle breaks up. Conclusion argues that an internal flow redistribution mechanism is responsible for unequal sized bubble fragments after breakup. However, droplets tend to break equally to several fragments due to three order of magnitude higher density than bubbles.

//Arash Helmi//

**Chilled ammonia process for CO2 capture **

** [|Victor Darde] ****, **** [|Kaj Thomsen] **** , **** [|Willy J.M. van Well] **** and **** [|Erling H. Stenby] **

Summary

Nowadays, there is a world-wide interest in investigating new and optimized processes for capturing CO2 emitted from different industrial activities. The Chilled ammonia process which is consist of 2 interconnected columns, absorber and desorber, is one of the most efficient and applicable processes in this regard. This process can effectively remove up to 90% of CO2 content of flue gases The chilled ammonia process absorbs CO2 in much lower temperature and energy consumption rate than other processes in this category for example the process of CO2 capture in alkalamine. Moreover, degradation which is a problem with other alternatives can be prevented using this process. In this article thermodynamic analysis of NH3-CO2-H2O system using extended UNIQUAC electrolyte model have been performed. This analysis expects the formation of solid phases consist of ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate. Amount of heat demands for both absorber and desorber have also been estimated. These estimations show that for desorber reaching a heat demand, lower than 2GJ/ton CO2 is possible. This low heat demand can be

Mohammad Khalilitehrani

[|Chilled ammonia process for CO2 capture]

**Working with Sudoku puzzles**

Marcus Hedenström

In their paper titled Programming Model for the Sudoku Problem [1], Bartlett and Langville argue that solving Sudoku puzzles is a mathematically complex problem. The problem is a feasibility problem, concerned with finding one out of many equally valid solutions, and each given digit greatly reduces the problem’s complexity. For instance, a 9x9 puzzle with 32 given digits was solved in 16 seconds on a high-end personal computer. In contrast, when attempting to solve a puzzle with no given digits at all, the program failed to terminate within the allowed time.

Most Sudoku puzzles have more than one solution. More given digits makes it more likely that the puzzle has a single unique solution, and no puzzle with less than 16 given digits, and a unique solution, have ever been found. Given an already solved puzzle, it is trivial to produce new puzzles with different solutions. Viewing the puzzle as a matrix comprised of smaller submatrices, it was proven that the transpose matrix is also a valid puzzle. Furthermore, it is possible to swap rows or columns, as long as the two being swapped are within the same set of submatrices, or simply substitute the individual digits throughout the Sudoku puzzle, providing a shortcut to the otherwise complex problem.

[1] Bartlett, Langville, An Integer Programming Model for the Sudoku Problem, March 8, 2006

http://spinner.cofc.edu/~langvillea/Sudoku/sudoku2.pdf

Adner, R. (2006). Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, 1-10.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Summary

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Match your innovation strategy to you innovation ecosystem by Ron Adner

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">This article is about innovation ecosystems. These are the environments created to satisfy the final solutions offered to a customer, through collaborative arrangements. An innovation does not come alone it always needs a supporting infrastructure to make a commercial breakthrough. Ecosystems allow firms to create value that no single firm could have created alone. These ecosystems create several risks because new dependencies arise between different actors. If you as a company want to be successful, your partners in the ecosystem will have to be successful as well, otherwise you will fail in the market place.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Innovation systems are determined by 3 types of risks: initiative risks, interdependence risks, integration risks. The initiative risks are the habitual uncertainties expected from of a project, the interdependence risks are associated with the complementary activities done by external companies and integration risks are the uncertainties associates with the rate of adoption of the innovation and it is related to the market segment.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">The strategy to follow for firms in an ecosystem environment is to expect and plan for delays, to create innovation strategies that help them to reduce uncertainty or take advantage for new opportunities.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">Carlos Carrillo

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=wastewater-energy-content //**How valuable waste water is.**//

//Mike Orcutt, the author of many articles in the field of Energy and Sustainability of Scientific American, says “Sewage contains more usable energy than scientists thought”, Scientific American, January 11th 2011. The waste water of toilets contains organic compounds which store usable energy and there are different ways to harvest it; extracting methane or getting electricity by microbial fuel cells, for instance. This article is going to show that how important waste water is and why stored energy in waste water is a lot more than previously thought.// //The stored energy in chemical bonds of organic compounds can be used for water treatment, and even for supplying power as a fuel source. Elizabet Heidrich, a PhD student of Newcastle University in England, determined how much energy waste water could provide. The previous study on this subject had estimated the amount of energy 6.3 kilojoules per liter, by measuring the heat absorption and emission which is called “Calorimeter”. By considering the 6.8 billion people in the world the amount of energy was in the range of 70 to 140 gig watts in 2004.// //In calorimetery, the subject had to be dried and this caused the result altered, since in the previous test the sample dried in the oven to 103 degrees Celsius, without considering the boiling points of organic liquids conations methanol, ethanol and formic acid. So Heidrich used freeze-dried instead of oven and the result was 7.6 to 20 percent more than the previous test.// //All in all, Heidrich method is more accurate than using oven but it is time consuming and it is not sufficient to preserve all molecules from lost. So, “it cannot be relied on as a routine testing method,” Orcutt says.// //Arash Mazaheri//



<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">MYCO ****<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">- ****<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">PROTEIN FROM FUSARIUM VENENATUM ****<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">: ****<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">A WELL-ESTABLISHED PRODUCT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION ** ====<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">M.G.Wiebe Apll Microbiol Biotechnol (2002) 58:421-427 ** ==== ====<span style="display: block; font-family: Cambria,serif; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">In the article “Myco-protein from Fusarium venenatum: a well-established product for human consumption”, Wiebe 2002 quoted some results from many other studies about myco-protein received from filamentous fungi. According to the article, they have ability to be comparable with protein from meat because of the ideal nutrient compositions such as no cholesterol, low saturated fat and high fibre. The author also indicates the challenges in production process of this protein such as control RNA content and formation morphology which affect on quality and biomass of desired protein. However, many strategies have been suggested to resolve the problems. Wiebe concludes that myco-protein has found an important market role in Europe as an alternative to meat for vegetarians and for those seeking healthier diets and suppose that its perspective will continue to widen when some additional research show utilization value in yoghurt, ice-cream and flavouring compounds in the food industry. ====

HOA KHUU
<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">[|Chilled ammonia process for CO2 capture] ** <span style="font-family: arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;">** [|Victor Darde], [|Kaj Thomsen] , [|Willy J.M. van Well] and __ [|Erling H. Stenby] __**

Summary
== Nowadays, there is a world-wide interest in investigating new and optimized processes for capturing CO2 emitted from different industrial activities. The Chilled ammonia process which is consist of 2 interconnected columns, absorber and desorber, is one of the most efficient and applicable processes in this regard. The chilled ammonia process absorbs CO2 in much lower temperature and energy consumption rate than other similar processes. Moreover, degradation can be prevented using this process. In this article thermodynamic analysis of NH3-CO2-H2O system using UNIQUAC electrolyte model have been performed and amount of heat demands for both absorber and desorber have been estimated. These estimations show that for desorber reaching a heat demand, lower than 2GJ/ton CO2 is possible. ==

Mohammad Khalilitehrani
=<span style="background-color: transparent; clear: both; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Verdana,Helvetica; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">**Scammers exploit viral video of girl falling into fountain while texting** =

In the article " [|Scammers exploit viral video of girl falling into fountain while texting] " written on January 15th 2011 from Sophos IT blog, Cluley shows a new way to control your privacy in order to make benefits from you without your consent and even more. First, the author describes how a video from a security record is used with evil intent. Indeed even if it is not the subject of the article he stresses the fact this video should not be freely uploaded online owing to privacy concern. In the second hand, Cluley explains the process to make money using a social network (in this case it is Facebook). This process includes mostly 4 steps; catching the attention of the user, gaining privacy control, spreading the scam to the Facebook user's contact and forcing the user to complete surveys to make money for the attacker. And to conclude, the author tries to aware us about the risk of privacy losses and the new techniques to hack by being updated to the latest security problems. Even if not every people can do it. If the few who are aware of that could tell their relatives, the information will be spread, like the topic of the article, but on good purpose this time.

Valentin KIM


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">WANXIAN LONG SPAN CONCRETE ARCH BRIDGE OVER YANGTZE RIVER __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In China, over the Yangtze river a concrete arch bridge was built. This bridge is important because of the proximity with the Three-Gorge-Dam, but in a engineering view, is important because of the innovate method in the construction of the arch; and this is what the author explains. At the beginning it sounds normal, but not at all if we take into account that nowadays the record of maximum arch span length in a concrete bridge, is on it, with 420 m length. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Between all the different solutions that the engineers take into account, all different kinds of bridges, the reinforced concrete bridge was considered the best. They modified the way to build the arch, getting to improve the limitations and to decrease the cost comparing with the conventional way of erection. This new method of construction consist in a steel truss that performs a dual role: to be the arch falsework and to be the main reinforcement of the concrete arch. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The steel tubular arch was erected mainly by temporary cable cranes and cantilevered. After the steel arch ring was closed, concrete was pumped into the tubular steel chords. All the spandrel structures were constructed by conventional methods, (the spandrel structures are the small constructions that link the bridge deck with the arch, and their mission is to transfer the loads over the deck to the arch). The bridge deck was composed of post-tensional T-shaped girders. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally after 3 years of construction, the innovate developed technique to build the bridge and specially to build the arch, it has meant a great achieve in engineering, although is better than conventional techniques it has done without previous experience, that is why is not used in a large scale yet.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Daniel Crespo Aragonès

[]

=Industrial ecology：a teenager's progress= =E.M. Harper, T.E. Graedel. Technology in Society 26(2004) 433-445=

**Summary**
In the article “Industrial ecology: a teenager’s progress”, Harper (2004) gives an introduction of the Industrial Ecology as a discipline. The article addresses its history, evolution and challenges faced today.

1989 is the birth of the Industrial Ecology. Its core principle is to transform industrial activities from a linear to a cyclic mode. And that is to say the consumption of raw materials and energy is optimized, waste generation is minimized and the effluents of one process serve as the raw material for another process.

To achieve this sustainable goal, there are some tools general used in IE field, such as //Material Flow Analysis//, //Life-cycle Assessment//, //Design for Environment// and //Extended Producer Responsibility// and so on. The latter two are gaining popularity in the research field.As an emerging field, IE has grappled with challenges and with the data limitation and the complication of studying system, the biggest problem faced today is how to define and set goals for sustainable technological activity and development.


 * -LI QIANYU**


 * Desert ant navigation: how miniature brains solve complex tasks**

[|R. Wehner]


 * -Summary**

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This article describes how Cataglyphis (a desert ant) navigates. Even after a long, seemingly erratic path in which the ant foraging for food, it can return its nest in a relatively straight path. First, the ant keeps detecting the polarized sun light as a compass signal, instead of the previously prevailed argument of being an exact position signal. Then, this signal together with the signal from the internal odometer are processed by the path integrator in the ant in order to keep track of the present position and the vector from this position to the nest. Finally, when trying to return the nest using the position and vector mentioned above, the ant recognizes the exact position of the nest with visual systems by recognizing landmarks. Based on these navigation procedures, the author argue that the ant has a decision-making mechanism, rather than a global map in mind.

In the article ”How to build Scenarios”, Wilkinson (1995) discusses the purpose of the tool called scenario planning and explains a way to develop and apply this methodology. The article addresses that scenario planning can help people who have to make decisions in an uncertainty environment, in both professional and personal levels. According to Wilkinson, once it is impossible knowing precisely what is going to happen in a while, the purpose of the scenario planning is to highlight the forces that push the future in different directions in order to set distinct and plausible stories about the future. Building a scenario includes identifying the primary “driving forces” and coming up with a matrix (two axes crossing) that provide four very different quadrants of uncertainty. The real future will contain elements of all four scenarios. The author concludes that the understanding of the uncertainty through the scenario planning allows people make better and more robust plans which will impact on the future. Carla Cleri M. G. Ferreira
 * -Guowei He**
 * How to Built Scenarios - Lawrence Wilkinson (1995)**
 * Summary**

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

-Summary

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Currently, where the ecology and sustainability are one of most important aspects for construction of buildings, the fact that only a small fraction of designers and constructors put effort to improve its environmental performance is discussed in this article from Santa Cruz University, in California.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Inconsistent or inefficient practices on called “Green buildings” are applied without a deeply study for a real improvement for occupants and environmental surrounding. And the necessity of researching new standards far away from lab studies should be a priority since there is a real possibility for reduction of building energy consumption, lighting used or energy consumed during the construction as well as an increment of quality for indoor air or thermal comfort inside of the buildings. However, even being known the long term advantages from sustainable building, the globalization of economies or political realities seem to become the problem between experimental application for new codes and real sustainable building practices.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Therefore, there is a long way to make buildings and societies more sustainable, healthier for their occupants and environmental friendly which needs the mutual cooperation between researchers and engineers, who have to leave behind the tendency to focus on short-term results.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mónica Lucas Romero **